g

Controllable Low Light Restoration of Traffic Camera Footage across Nighttime Urban Traffic Sequences

Authors

  • Yerin Ryu

    Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
    Author
  • Lucie Aubert

    Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
    Author
  • Geonwoo Bae

    Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
    Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.71465/jgs54

Keywords:

Low-light enhancement, Traffic surveillance, Controllable restoration, Spatiotemporal modeling

Abstract

The proliferation of smart city infrastructure has significantly increased the reliance on continuous traffic monitoring systems. However, capturing high-quality video sequences in low-light conditions remains a formidable challenge due to severe sensor noise, motion blur, and color distortion. Traditional image and video restoration techniques often apply a rigid, one-size-fits-all approach, which fails to accommodate the highly variable illumination and weather conditions intrinsic to urban traffic environments. This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into controllable image restoration methodologies specifically tailored for low-light traffic camera footage sequences. By leveraging advanced spatiotemporal modeling and user-defined conditioning variables, we propose a theoretical framework that allows human operators or automated downstream perception systems to dynamically adjust the restoration parameters, such as exposure levels, noise suppression strength, and color saturation, in real-time. The study meticulously details the architectural design required for extracting robust temporal features across sequential frames while maintaining temporal consistency and mitigating flickering artifacts. Through extensive analysis of current deep learning paradigms and theoretical evaluations of structural designs, we elucidate the mechanisms by which control vectors can seamlessly modulate feature representations. The findings underscore the critical importance of balancing computational efficiency with perceptual quality in edge-deployed surveillance systems, offering a significant contribution to the broader field of intelligent transportation and computer vision.

References

1. Peng, Qucheng, et al. "3d vision-language gaussian splatting." International Conference on Learning Representations. Vol. 2025. 2025.

2. Li, Q., Luo, T., & Liao, J. (2025). Theory-inspired deep multi-view multi-label learning with incomplete views and noisy labels. In Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (pp. 20706-20715).

3. Xiao, Q., & Ghaffari, M. (2026). LaWM: Least Action World Models for Long-Horizon Physical Consistency from Visual Observations. arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.08279.

4. Chu, Y. B., Li, J., Jia, P., Cui, J., Zhang, R., Kang, X., Lv, M., & Zhang, S. (2021). Irf1- and Egr1-activated transcription plays a key role in macrophage polarization: A multiomics sequencing study with partial validation. International immunopharmacology, 99, 108072. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108072

5. Lv, Q., Kong, W., Li, H., Zeng, J., Qiu, Z., Qu, D., ... & Pang, J. (2025). F1: A vision-language-action model bridging understanding and generation to actions. arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.06951.

6. Ou, L., Liu, Y., Li, Z., Bai, X., & Peng, Y. (2026, March). Structure-Grounded Training Strategies Aid Generalization in Stereo Matching. In 2026 International Conference on 3D Vision (3DV) (pp. 125-134). IEEE.

7. Liu, Y., Liu, H., Wang, H., Meng, F., & Liu, M. (2023). BCAN: Bidirectional correct attention network for cross-modal retrieval. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, 35(10), 14247-14258.

8. Zhao, H., Wang, Q., Zhan, G., Min, W., Zou, Y., & Cui, S. (2022). Need only one more point (NOOMP): Perspective adaptation crowd counting in complex scenes. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, 25, 1414-1426.

9. Huang, H., Zhang, J., Zhang, J., Xu, J., & Wu, Q. (2020). Low-rank pairwise alignment bilinear network for few-shot fine-grained image classification. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, 23, 1666-1680.

10. Ding, Y., Li, Z., Huang, D., Li, Z., & Zhang, K. (